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mineral
Grade reflects published research findings and regulatory status. Not a safety certification.
Ingredient evidence is still under review.
Presence ≠ Risk. Educational summary only. Not medical advice.
Cancer mortality of cadmium workers.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine · 1985
This cohort analysis of cadmium-exposed workers found cancer mortality increasing with dose and latency, and pooled follow-up data across six worker cohorts showed elevated mortality for lung cancer (SMR 121) and prostate cancer (SMR 162). The authors concluded that long-term, high-level cadmium exposure is associated with increased cancer risk.
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Low level exposure to cadmium and early kidney damage: the OSCAR study.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine · 2000
In 1,021 people with low occupational or environmental cadmium exposure, urinary cadmium showed a dose-response relationship with renal tubular damage. Tubular proteinuria rose from 5% in unexposed people to 50% in the highest exposure group, and increased risk was already detectable at about 1.0 nmol/mmol creatinine in urine.
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Dose-response evaluation of urinary cadmium and kidney injury biomarkers in Chinese residents and dietary limit standards.
Environmental Health · 2021
This study found clear dose-response relationships between urinary cadmium and multiple kidney injury biomarkers, identifying beta2-microglobulin and NAG as sensitive markers of cadmium-related renal injury. Benchmark-dose modeling yielded lower confidence limits around 3.07 and 2.98 microg/g creatinine, supporting toxicity at environmentally relevant exposure levels.
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Grades are based on published peer-reviewed research, regulatory agency data (FDA, EU, IARC, WHO, EPA), and independent analysis. We update entries when new findings emerge.
mineral
High concern
Ingredient evidence is still under review.
Cancer mortality of cadmium workers.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine · 1985
This cohort analysis of cadmium-exposed workers found cancer mortality increasing with dose and latency, and pooled follow-up data across six worker cohorts showed elevated mortality for lung cancer (SMR 121) and prostate cancer (SMR 162). The authors concluded that long-term, high-level cadmium exposure is associated with increased cancer risk.
Low level exposure to cadmium and early kidney damage: the OSCAR study.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine · 2000
In 1,021 people with low occupational or environmental cadmium exposure, urinary cadmium showed a dose-response relationship with renal tubular damage. Tubular proteinuria rose from 5% in unexposed people to 50% in the highest exposure group, and increased risk was already detectable at about 1.0 nmol/mmol creatinine in urine.
Read studyDose-response evaluation of urinary cadmium and kidney injury biomarkers in Chinese residents and dietary limit standards.
Environmental Health · 2021
This study found clear dose-response relationships between urinary cadmium and multiple kidney injury biomarkers, identifying beta2-microglobulin and NAG as sensitive markers of cadmium-related renal injury. Benchmark-dose modeling yielded lower confidence limits around 3.07 and 2.98 microg/g creatinine, supporting toxicity at environmentally relevant exposure levels.
Read study