Lead toxicity.

Occupational medicine (Oxford, England) · 2015

This review confirms that lead acts as a systemic toxin affecting the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as the hematological and renal systems.

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Trends in blood lead levels among the US population, 1999-2016: The role of race/ethnicity and income

Environmental Research · 2022

This study highlights persistent blood lead level disparities in the US, underscoring the ongoing public health concern of environmental lead exposure.

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Lead exposure and cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Science of The Total Environment · 2022

The study demonstrates a significant association between lead exposure and increased mortality from cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease.

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Lead exposure and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

International Journal of Epidemiology · 2022

The study confirms that even low-level lead exposure is significantly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease mortality, particularly from ischemic heart disease.

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Lead

Pediatrics · 2004

The central nervous system effects of lead on children appear irreversible, and current evidence indicates that no safe threshold for toxicity exists.

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Lead exposure and cardiovascular disease: A systematic review

Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports · 2018

This review identifies a consistent association between low-level lead exposure and increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including hypertension and ischemic heart disease.

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Blood lead levels and mortality in US adults: The NHANES III mortality study

The Lancet Planetary Health · 2018

This study indicates that low-level lead exposure is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease mortality, significantly higher than previously estimated.

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Low-Level Lead Exposure and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children: A Meta-Analysis

Current Environmental Health Reports · 2018

This analysis provides robust evidence that blood lead concentrations below 10 µg/dL are associated with significant decreases in cognitive performance and IQ in children.

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Lead.

Pediatrics · 2004

Current evidence supports the conclusion that there is no identified threshold for lead exposure below which adverse neurodevelopmental effects do not occur in children.

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Lead poisoning

West J Med · 1994

Lead is toxic to multiple organ systems, with central nervous system impairment leading to delayed development and diminished intelligence in children.

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Lead Toxicity

StatPearls [Internet] · 2023

Evidence implicates lead as a potent neurotoxin with measurable negative effects on human cognition at vanishingly low blood concentrations.

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Lead poisoning.

Australian family physician · 1993

Lead poisoning is identified as a significant health risk causing widespread metabolic disruption, with particular emphasis on the neurotoxic risks posed to children.

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Lead poisoning in children

Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health · 2015

This review confirms that lead is a cumulative toxicant affecting multiple body systems with no known safe blood lead concentration, particularly in developing children.

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Lead exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children

Pediatric Clinics of North America · 2015

The evidence indicates that there is no identified safe blood lead concentration in children, with even low levels causing irreversible cognitive and behavioral deficits.

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Lead exposure and chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Environmental Research · 2015

Evidence suggests that chronic lead exposure is positively associated with markers of renal dysfunction and the progression of chronic kidney disease.

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